Cytotoxic, In vitro and In vivo Antimalarial Activities of Hippocratea Africana
Published: 2021-06-12
Page: 125-138
Issue: 2021 - Volume 4 [Issue 4]
Jude E. Okokon
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
Paschal Amaechi
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
John A. Udobang
*
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
Hemant Kumar Bankhede
Institute of Pharmacy, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: Analysis of cytotoxic effect, and correlation of in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities of the root extract and fractions of H. africana so as to identify the active fraction.
Methodology: The extract (200, 400, 600 mg/kg) and fractions (400 m/kg) were evaluated in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei using suppressive, prophylactic and curative models. In vivo antimalarial activity of the root extract and fractions against chloroquine-sensitive strain (Pf 3D7) and chloroquine-resistant strain (Pf INDO) of Plasmodium falciparum was also evaluated using SYBR Green Invitrogen based method. Chloroquine (CQ) and pyrimethamine were the standard drugs used.
Results: The root extract produced a significant (P=.05) dose-dependent decrease in parasitaemia of the infected mice treated in suppressive, prophylactic and curative tests. Moreover, the survival time of the animals increased. All the fractions exerted a significant (P=.05) activity, with the ethyl acetate fraction being the most active. The root extract and fractions showed a considerable activity against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of P. falciparum with ethyl acetate fraction showing the highest activity.
Conclusion: The results proved that root extract and fractions possess antimalarial and antiplasmodial activities justifying its ethnomedical usage.
Keywords: Antiplasmodial, antimalarial, cytotoxic, in vivo, in vitro, P. berghei berghei, chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum