Prevalence of Malaria Infection and Molecular Plasmodium Speciation in Subjects Attending Secondary Health Centres in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Published: 2024-06-11
Page: 204-216
Issue: 2024 - Volume 7 [Issue 3]
Angaticha Richard *
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Nduka Florence Onyemachi
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Abah Austin Edache
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Malaria remains a disease of concern as it continues to plunge many into economic difficulty and much suffering, claiming lives especially children under 5 years old. The study investigated prevalence of malaria infection and molecular identification of Plasmodium species in Adamawa state, Nigeria.
Methods: Health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March, 2021 to August, 2021 on subjects attending 15 secondary health facilities distributed across 3 zones in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The prevalence of Plasmodium infection was measured by light microscopic and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting Plasmodium falciparum 18S rRNA gene. Infection in relation to location, age, sex and socio-economic status was investigated. The ownership and usage of insecticidal treated mosquito nets (ITNs) were also assessed.
Results: Prevalence by mcroscopic analysis was 39.08% with total parasite density 1633048/µl, while PCR assay amplifying 18S small-subunit ribosomes RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Plasmodium confirmed only 15.7% of isolate as asymptomatic malaria infections. P. falciparum was the only species found in the study area. Infection by geographycal locations, age, sex, socio-economic status varied significantly (P=.05). Children under 5 years of age and female subjects recorded highest infection rate by both microscopy and PCR. Shockingly only 52.3% of subjects without ITNs were infected.
Conclusion: The results indicated the need for scale-up interventions to curb the high prevalence of P. falciparum infection in the study area with special attention to children and female subjects in the population.
Keywords: Malaria infection, socioeconomic status, molecular identification, Adamawa state
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