Malaria Prevalence Relative to Sociodemographic characteristics of ABO Blood groups and Haemoglobin genotypes of Patients Attending a Tertiary Health Facility at Kano Northwest Nigeria
Abdulsalami Yayo Manu
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Shariff Alhassan Abdullahi
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Muhammad Ibrahim Getso
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Auwal Idris Kabuga
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Aliyu Mansur
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Aminu Aliyu
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Mairo Usman Kadaura
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Almukhtar Adamu Yahuza
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Ali Zainab
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria.
Ibrahim Amina Muhammad
Department of Microbiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
Ado Abduljalal
Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Mahmud Gambo Jahun
Department of Paediatrics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Idris Fatima Sambo
Department of Biological Science, Northwest University, Kano, Nigeria.
Abubakar Asmau Hamza
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kabo, Nigeria.
Lawan Umma
Department of Biochemistry, Northwest University, Kano, Nigeria.
Mahmud Safiyanu *
Department of Biochemistry, Northwest University, Kano, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Malaria burden in Kano is high and reports on the prevalence of malaria and its association with socio-demographic factors, ABO and haemoglobin genotypes remain inconsistent.
Aim: This research was designed to investigate the relationship between malaria prevalence and the socio-demographic as well as haemotological characteristics of patients. Facility – based independent cross sectional studies were performed at different periods, December 2012 – February 2013 and June – 2015 - January 2016.
Methods: Blood sample collected from each of the 956 participants was examined by microscope to identify the Plasmodium species. The ABO blood groups were determined by agglutination using ERYCLONE antisera and haemoglobin genotypes by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Data on sociodemographic profile was collected using structured questionnaire. Chi- Squared and/or Fischer’s exact statistical tests were used to assess the association between malaria infection age, sex, knowledge, occupation use of LLINS, ABO and haemoglobin genotypes.
Results: The cumulative malaria prevalence was 14.2%. The malaria positivity rate was higher among age group 1- 5 years (4.2%) and students (5.0%) and showed significant association with age (p=0.001), occupation (p=0.001) and intervention (p=0.001) but not with gender (p=0.283). Malaria infection was similar in blood group O (5. 9%) and A (5.85%) and strongly associated with blood group types. About 22.8%(n=218) were sickle cell heterozygotes (HbAS) and 3.0%(n=29) homozygotes HbSS. Malaria prevalence of 9.7% in HbAS group and 1.5% in HBSS were significantly(p=0.001) lower compared to HBAA.
Conclusion: Based on this findings, it may be concluded that malaria prevalence is significantly associated with Age, blood group and hemoglobin genotype.
Keywords: Malaria prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, genotype, blood grouping, haemoglobin